Anoxia
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Causes:
There are many different events in childhood that can lead to anoxia, including:
- submersion (e.g. near drowning)
- cardiac and/or respiratory arrest
- suffocation (e.g. acute asthmatic event; strangulation)
- carbon monoxide or neurotoxic exposure (e.g. barbiturate)
- events that damage the respiratory system (e.g. TBI; crushing injury)
- intra-operative complications leading to cardiopulmonary arrest
- perinatal injury
- lightning, electrical injury, electrical shock
Some brain structures are more vulnerable to the effects of anoxia. These include:
- hippocampus
- thalamus
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
- borderline or "watershed" zones between the major arteries of the cortex
Diagrams: watershed -- lateral; watershed -- coronal